Active learning-guided optimization of cell-free biosensors for lead testing in drinking water

B. M. Wang, N. Chiang, H. M. Ekas, D. M. Brown, G. Dildine, T. J. Lucci, S. Feng, V. Bly, J.F. Gaillard, J. B. Lucks, A. S. Karim, D. Shukla, M. C. Jewett. Nature Communications (2025). doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-66964-6
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This study presents a multi-objective, machine learning–guided cell-free engineering workflow to optimize allosteric transcription factor (aTF)-based biosensors beyond the limits of traditional directed evolution. Using this approach, we engineered the aTF PbrR to sensitively and selectively detect lead at U.S. EPA action levels in freeze-dried cell-free reactions, enabling point-of-use water diagnostics down to ~5.7 ppb.

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